ml::AppManager Class Reference

Drives the application main loop and coordinates all framework managers. More...

#include <Malena/Engine/App/AppManager.h>

Inheritance diagram for ml::AppManager:

Public Types
enum	Architecture { MVC , EDA , ECS }
	Architectural style hint passed at construction. More...

Public Member Functions
	AppManager (const sf::VideoMode &videoMode, const std::string &title, sf::RenderWindow &window=WindowManager::getWindow(), Architecture architecture=MVC, std::uint32_t windowStyle=sf::Style::Default)
	Construct an AppManager and create the SFML window.
virtual	~AppManager ()=default
void	addComponent (Core &component)
	Register a T object with this manager.
void	clear ()
	Remove all registered objects.
Architecture	getArchitecture () const
	Return the architectural mode set at construction.
const std::vector< Core * > &	getComponents () const
	Return a read-only view of all currently registered objects.
bool	isPaused () const
	Return true if the application is currently paused.
void	onClose (std::function< bool()> handler)
	Register a callback invoked when the OS close button is pressed.
virtual void	onInit ()
	Called once after construction, before the first frame.
void	onPostRender (std::function< void()> hook)
	Register a callback invoked after all components are drawn and before display().
void	onPreRender (std::function< void()> hook)
	Register a callback invoked after clear() and before drawing components.
virtual void	onReady ()
	Called once after onInit(), when all components are registered.
void	onResize (std::function< void(unsigned int, unsigned int)> handler)
	Register a callback invoked whenever the window is resized.
void	pause ()
	Suspend per-frame update events.
bool	removeComponent (Core &component)
	Unregister a T object by reference.
void	resume ()
	Resume update events after a pause().
void	run ()
	Enter the main loop and run until the window is closed.
void	setBackgroundColor (sf::Color color)
	Set the colour used to clear the window at the start of each frame.
void	setFramerateLimit (unsigned int limit)
	Cap the frame rate.
void	setIcon (const sf::Image &icon)
	Set the window icon from an sf::Image.
void	setTitle (const std::string &title)
	Change the window title at runtime.
void	setVSync (bool enabled)
	Enable or disable vertical synchronisation.
void	setWindowPosition (int x, int y)
	Move the window to a position on the desktop.
void	setWindowStyle (std::uint32_t style)
	Recreate the window with new decoration-style flags.

Static Public Member Functions
static void	clearExclusiveOwner ()
	Lift any active exclusive-owner restriction.
static void	clearPending ()
	Discard all pending operations without executing them.
static Core *	exclusiveOwner ()
	The current exclusive-interaction owner, or nullptr.
static float	getDeltaTime ()
	Return the elapsed time of the previous frame in seconds.
static bool	isBusy ()
	Return true if the manager is currently iterating.
static void	processPending ()
	Flush all pending operations immediately.
static void	setExclusiveOwner (Core *owner)
	Restrict click and hover dispatch to owner and its descendants. Any component outside that subtree silently receives no events. Pass nullptr (or call clearExclusiveOwner) to lift the restriction.

Static Protected Member Functions
static void	beginBusy ()
	Signal that iteration has begun.
static void	deferOrExecute (std::function< void()> operation)
	Execute operation now if safe, otherwise queue it.
static void	endBusy ()
	Signal that iteration has ended; flush pending operations.

Static Protected Attributes
static int	busyDepth
	Iteration nesting depth. Operations are deferred while this is > 0.
static std::vector< std::function< void()> >	pendingOperations
	Queue of operations pending until the current iteration completes.

Detailed Description

Drives the application main loop and coordinates all framework managers.

AppManager owns the SFML render window and runs the core application lifecycle:

1. Calls Lifecycle::onInit() then Lifecycle::onReady() before entering the loop.
2. Each frame, measures delta time, polls SFML events and distributes them via fireInputEvents().
3. Fires the per-frame update event via fireUpdateEvents() (skipped when paused).
4. Clears the window with the configured background colour, calls the pre-render hook, draws all visible components, calls the post-render hook, and presents the frame.
5. At the end of each iteration, flushes any pending deferred-unload operations.

Window configuration

Most window properties can be set before run() or at any time during the loop via dedicated setters:

Setter	Effect
setBackgroundColor()	Colour passed to window.clear() each frame
setFramerateLimit()	Cap the frame rate (0 = unlimited)
setVSync()	Toggle vertical synchronisation
setTitle()	Change the window title at runtime
setIcon()	Set the window icon from an sf::Image
setWindowPosition()	Move the window on the desktop
setWindowStyle()	Recreate the window with new decoration flags

Lifecycle hooks

Setter	Called
onPreRender()	After clear(), before drawing components
onPostRender()	After drawing all components, before display()
onClose()	When the OS close button is pressed; return false to cancel
onResize()	When the window is resized

Pause / resume

pause() suspends fireUpdateEvents() while leaving the render loop running, so the window stays responsive and the last rendered frame remains visible. resume() restores normal operation.

Delta time

AppManager::getDeltaTime() returns the elapsed time (in seconds) of the previous frame, updated at the start of each iteration. Components can call this from any onUpdate callback.

Architecture modes

The Architecture enum lets the framework know which structural style the application uses.

Value	Meaning
MVC	Model-View-Controller — default for most UI applications
EDA	Event-Driven Architecture — pure message/event flow
ECS	Entity-Component-System — activates the ECS subsystem

Typical use

Most applications do not instantiate AppManager directly. Instead, inherit from ml::Application, which wraps AppManager into a single convenient base class.

For the common case, subclass ml::Application and override onInit() and onReady() directly:

class MyApp : public ml::Application
{
public:
    MyApp() : ml::Application(1280, 720, 32, "My App") {}
 
    void onInit()  override { _box.setSize({200.f, 100.f}); addComponent(_box); }
    void onReady() override { _box.onClick([]{ std::cout << "clicked!\n"; }); }
private:
    ml::Rectangle _box;
};

See also

Application, Lifecycle, WindowManager

Definition at line 107 of file AppManager.h.

Member Enumeration Documentation

Architecture

enum ml::AppManager::Architecture

Architectural style hint passed at construction.

Informs the framework which structural pattern the application follows. Defaults to MVC.

Enumerator
MVC	Model-View-Controller.
EDA	Event-Driven Architecture.
ECS	Entity-Component-System.

Definition at line 116 of file AppManager.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

AppManager()

ml::AppManager::AppManager	(	const sf::VideoMode &	videoMode,
		const std::string &	title,
		sf::RenderWindow &	window = WindowManager::getWindow(),
		Architecture	architecture = MVC,
		std::uint32_t	windowStyle = sf::Style::Default )

Construct an AppManager and create the SFML window.

onInit() and onReady() are called by run() before the main loop begins, not in the constructor. The window parameter defaults to WindowManager::getWindow() so the framework's centralized window is used unless an explicit one is provided.

Parameters

videoMode	SFML video mode (resolution + bit depth).
title	Window title string.
window	Render window to use. Defaults to the framework window.
architecture	Structural pattern hint. Defaults to MVC.
windowStyle	SFML window style flags (e.g. sf::Style::Default, sf::Style::None, sf::Style::Fullscreen). Defaults to sf::Style::Default.

~AppManager()

virtual ml::AppManager::~AppManager ( )

virtualdefault

Member Function Documentation

addComponent()

void ml::CoreManager< Core >::addComponent ( Core & component )

inherited

Register a T object with this manager.

After registration, the object will receive update() and draw() calls each frame (for managers that drive those methods).

Parameters

component

The object to register. Must outlive its registration.

beginBusy()

void ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::beginBusy ( )

staticprotectedinherited

Signal that iteration has begun.

Increments the busy-depth counter. Multiple nested calls are safe — operations remain deferred until the outermost endBusy() is reached.

clear()

void ml::CoreManager< Core >::clear ( )

inherited

Remove all registered objects.

If the collection is currently being iterated, the clear is deferred. After this call (or after the deferred clear executes), getComponents() returns an empty vector.

clearExclusiveOwner()

void ml::AppManager::clearExclusiveOwner ( )

static

Lift any active exclusive-owner restriction.

clearPending()

void ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::clearPending ( )

staticinherited

Discard all pending operations without executing them.

Use during application shutdown or full reset when executing the queued operations would be unsafe (e.g., the objects they reference have already been destroyed).

deferOrExecute()

void ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::deferOrExecute ( std::function< void()> operation )

staticprotectedinherited

Execute operation now if safe, otherwise queue it.

If busyDepth > 0 the operation is appended to pendingOperations and will run when the current iteration completes. If the manager is idle the operation executes immediately.

Parameters

operation

The callable to execute or defer.

endBusy()

void ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::endBusy ( )

staticprotectedinherited

Signal that iteration has ended; flush pending operations.

Decrements the busy-depth counter. When the counter reaches zero, all operations in pendingOperations are executed in FIFO order and the queue is cleared.

exclusiveOwner()

Core * ml::AppManager::exclusiveOwner ( )

inlinestatic

The current exclusive-interaction owner, or nullptr.

Definition at line 330 of file AppManager.h.

getArchitecture()

Architecture ml::AppManager::getArchitecture ( ) const

inline

Return the architectural mode set at construction.

Definition at line 317 of file AppManager.h.

getComponents()

const std::vector< Core * > & ml::CoreManager< Core >::getComponents ( ) const

nodiscardinherited

Return a read-only view of all currently registered objects.

The returned reference is valid until the next structural modification (add or remove). Do not store the reference across frames.

Returns

Const reference to the internal component pointer vector.

getDeltaTime()

float ml::AppManager::getDeltaTime ( )

inlinestatic

Return the elapsed time of the previous frame in seconds.

Updated at the start of every main-loop iteration. Safe to call from any onUpdate callback.

Definition at line 257 of file AppManager.h.

isBusy()

bool ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::isBusy ( )

staticinherited

Return true if the manager is currently iterating.

Can be used by external code that needs to know whether a destructive operation will be deferred.

Returns

true when busyDepth > 0.

isPaused()

bool ml::AppManager::isPaused ( ) const

inline

Return true if the application is currently paused.

Definition at line 274 of file AppManager.h.

onClose()

void ml::AppManager::onClose

(

std::function< bool()>

handler

)

Register a callback invoked when the OS close button is pressed.

Parameters

handler

Callable with signature bool(). Return true to allow the window to close (default behaviour), or false to cancel the close (e.g. show a "save changes?" dialog).

onInit()

virtual void ml::Lifecycle::onInit ( )

inlinevirtualinherited

Called once after construction, before the first frame.

Override to perform initial setup — configure component properties, load resources, and register objects with the framework. At this point no other sibling components are guaranteed to be fully registered.

Definition at line 82 of file Lifecycle.h.

onPostRender()

void ml::AppManager::onPostRender

(

std::function< void()>

hook

)

Register a callback invoked after all components are drawn and before display().

Use this for post-processing effects, HUD overlays, or any content that must appear on top of all components.

Parameters

hook	Callable with signature void().

onPreRender()

void ml::AppManager::onPreRender

(

std::function< void()>

hook

)

Register a callback invoked after clear() and before drawing components.

Use this to draw background layers, debug overlays, or ImGui frames that should appear beneath the component layer.

Parameters

hook	Callable with signature void().

onReady()

virtual void ml::Lifecycle::onReady ( )

inlinevirtualinherited

Called once after onInit(), when all components are registered.

Override to wire logic that depends on other components already existing — event callbacks, cross-component bindings, or derived initial state.

Definition at line 90 of file Lifecycle.h.

onResize()

void ml::AppManager::onResize

(

std::function< void(unsigned int, unsigned int)>

handler

)

Register a callback invoked whenever the window is resized.

Parameters

handler

Callable with signature void(unsigned int width, unsigned int height).

pause()

void ml::AppManager::pause

(

)

Suspend per-frame update events.

After pause(), fireUpdateEvents() is skipped each iteration. The render loop continues running so the window stays responsive and the last rendered frame remains visible.

processPending()

void ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::processPending ( )

staticinherited

Flush all pending operations immediately.

Normally called automatically by endBusy(). Provided as a public escape hatch for unusual teardown sequences.

Warning

Calling this while isBusy() is true can cause iterator invalidation in the currently running loop. Only call manually when you are certain it is safe.

removeComponent()

bool ml::CoreManager< Core >::removeComponent ( Core & component )

inherited

Unregister a T object by reference.

Safe to call from inside an event or update callback. If the collection is currently being iterated, the removal is deferred until iteration completes.

Parameters

component

The object to remove.

Returns

true if the object was found and removed (or queued for removal); false if it was not registered.

resume()

void ml::AppManager::resume

(

)

Resume update events after a pause().

run()

void ml::AppManager::run

(

)

Enter the main loop and run until the window is closed.

Each iteration of the loop:

1. Measures delta time for the previous frame.
2. Polls all pending SFML events (resize and close are handled internally).
3. Calls fireUpdateEvents() for the per-frame update tick (skipped when paused).
4. Clears the window, invokes onPreRender, draws all visible components, invokes onPostRender, and presents the frame.
5. Flushes any pending deferred-unload operations.

Returns when the SFML window is closed or window.close() is called.

setBackgroundColor()

void ml::AppManager::setBackgroundColor

(

sf::Color

color

)

Set the colour used to clear the window at the start of each frame.

Parameters

color

Any sf::Color value. Defaults to sf::Color::Black.

setExclusiveOwner()

void ml::AppManager::setExclusiveOwner ( Core * owner )

static

Restrict click and hover dispatch to owner and its descendants. Any component outside that subtree silently receives no events. Pass nullptr (or call clearExclusiveOwner) to lift the restriction.

setFramerateLimit()

void ml::AppManager::setFramerateLimit

(

unsigned int

limit

)

Cap the frame rate.

Calls sf::Window::setFramerateLimit. Pass 0 to remove the cap.

Parameters

limit

Maximum frames per second.

setIcon()

void ml::AppManager::setIcon

(

const sf::Image &

icon

)

Set the window icon from an sf::Image.

Parameters

icon	An sf::Image loaded with your desired icon pixels.

setTitle()

void ml::AppManager::setTitle

(

const std::string &

title

)

Change the window title at runtime.

Parameters

title

New UTF-8 window title string.

setVSync()

void ml::AppManager::setVSync

(

bool

enabled

)

Enable or disable vertical synchronisation.

Parameters

enabled

true to enable VSync, false to disable.

setWindowPosition()

void ml::AppManager::setWindowPosition	(	int	x,
		int	y )

Move the window to a position on the desktop.

Parameters

x	Horizontal position in desktop pixels.
y	Vertical position in desktop pixels.

setWindowStyle()

void ml::AppManager::setWindowStyle

(

std::uint32_t

style

)

Recreate the window with new decoration-style flags.

Equivalent to calling sf::Window::create again with the stored video-mode and title but a new style. Any previously configured framerate limit is re-applied automatically.

Parameters

style

Combination of sf::Style flags, e.g. sf::Style::Titlebar | sf::Style::Close.

Member Data Documentation

busyDepth

int ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::busyDepth

inlinestaticprotectedinherited

Iteration nesting depth. Operations are deferred while this is > 0.

Definition at line 70 of file DeferredOperationsManager.h.

pendingOperations

std::vector<std::function<void()> > ml::DeferredOperationsManager< CoreManager< Core > >::pendingOperations

inlinestaticprotectedinherited

Queue of operations pending until the current iteration completes.

Definition at line 73 of file DeferredOperationsManager.h.

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

• Engine/App/AppManager.h